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Spells are magical effects that are created by creatures via spellcasting.[note 1] Spells are frequently cast to deal damage and provide healing, or to inflict conditions on the targets.
All classes are capable of casting spells with the help of scrolls and magic items, and classes with the Spellcasting or Pact Magic features – called spellcasters – have spell slots they can expend to cast spells they know, without the need for scrolls.
Overview
Spells are created from the Weave, the magical energies of the multiverse. They are conjured through experience, knowledge or innate ability, or via the use of scrolls and magical items.
Spell levels
All spells have a level – a measure of how powerful a spell is, as well as how difficult it is to cast it, and generally require the caster to expend a spell slot of sufficient level. Spells cast from scrolls do not rely on spell slots to be cast.
Level 0 spells are called cantrips, and can always be cast at will, without expending a spell slot.
Spellcasting ability
Every class – including those without the Spellcasting feature – has a designated ability known as their spellcasting ability, which represents their capacity to cast spells.[note 2]
Spells learned from taking levels in a class will use that class' spellcasting ability modifier. Spells from other sources use the spellcasting ability of the class the creature most recently took a first level in.[note 3][note 4]
Spell properties
Each spell belongs to a school which defines its purpose, as well as a range at which it can be cast and a target or area of effect. The spell's effects may apply only when cast, or the spell may have a duration (measured in turns).
Most spells can be interrupted by 
before they are cast, and spells with a verbal component cannot be cast by 
creatures.
Casting time
Spells are typically cast by taking an 
Action, but some are cast by taking a 
Bonus action or a 
Reaction.
Spell saves
Harmful spells which target an area or a specific point in space (
) – or affect a character directly (
) – often allow targeted creatures to attempt to save against the spell, ignoring or reducing the spell's effect.
The Difficulty Class (DC) of these saves – called spell save DC – is generally based on the caster's spellcasting DC:
Spell attack rolls
Some harmful spells require the caster to make an attack roll against the target's AC in order to determine if it's a hit or a miss.
Spells in the form of rays (like 
) or projectiles (like 
or 
) often require attacks rolls.
The caster adds their spellcasting ability modifier, as well as their proficiency bonus, to the results of the attack roll:
d20 + proficiency bonus + spellcasting ability modifierConcentration
Most spells with a duration require 
Concentration to maintain them for the duration. A caster may only maintain the effect of one concentration spell at a time. If concentration on a spell is broken, the spell's effects are ended immediately.
Ending concentration
Although concentration normally lasts for a spell's full duration, or until another concentration spell is cast, there are multiple ways for concentration to break:
- Manually
- Concentration can be manually interrupted at any time via the x on the concentrated spell's icon, next to the caster's main portrait.
- Taking damage
- When a creature concentrating on a spell takes damage, they make a Constitution save against a DC equal to half the damage taken, or 10, whichever is higher.[note 5] If the save fails, concentration ends.
- Conditions
- Some conditions – such as
or 
– also interrupt concentration, without allowing a save. - Long rests
- Taking a long rest ends concentration.
Spellcasters
Spellcasters can either be full casters – meaning they can learn spells up to 6th level spells, half casters – meaning they can learn spells up to 3rd level spells, or one-third casters – meaning they can learn spells up to 2nd level spells.
Full casters:
Half casters:
One-third casters:
Known spells
Known spells are spells generally learned from taking levels in a class with the Spellcasting or Pact Magic features. Each caster class has access to its own list of spells, though there is significant overlap between classes.
The following classes must learn spells through leveling up:
All of these classes, with the exception of wizard, also have access to the Replacement Spell feature, which allows them to swap a known spell each time a new level is taken in them. While wizards do not have access to this feature, they can instead learn new spells from scrolls, without needing to give up an already known spell.
The following classes automatically learn all their available spells when a level is taken in them:
Prepared spells
Some casters – known as prepared spellcasters to set them apart from spontaneous spellcasters – need to prepare a selection of their spells in order to cast them. Preparing spells is only possible outside of combat.
Prepared spellcasters include:
The number of prepared spells each class can have at a time is equal to spellcasting ability modifier + class level) (minimum of 1)
Additionally, spells granted by racial features or by certain class features (such as by cleric Domains) are considered inherent and are always prepared.
Spell slots
All spellcasters have spell slots, which they expend to cast their known spells. Cantrips 
do not expend spell slots and can be cast at will. Depleted spell slots are generally replenished by taking a long rest or – for warlocks – a short rest.
A spell of a given level requires a spell slot of the same level or higher to be expended to cast it. Many spells will be 
upcast when cast with a higher spell slot, and are then cast as more powerful versions of themselves.
Spellcasting spell slots
| ESL | Spell Slots per Spell Level | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3 | 4 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| 4 | 4 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
| 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | - | - | - |
| 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - |
| 7 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | - | - |
| 8 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | - | - |
| 9 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | - |
| 10 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | - |
| 11 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| 12 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
A caster's available Spellcasting spell slots are determined by the effective spellcaster level (ESL). A full caster's ESL is exactly their class level, whereas the ESL of half-casters and one-third casters is equal to half and one third their level, respectively, rounded up.
When multiple classes with the Spellcasting feature are chosen for a character, the character's ESL is instead the ESL of every individual spellcasting class that the character has, each rounded down, and then summed up.
Pact Magic
Warlocks do not cast spells through the Spellcasting feature, but through their unique Pact Magic feature. Spells cast via Pact Magic are always cast using the highest available Pact Magic spell slots, which are replenished on a short rest.
Distinguishing them from Spellcasting spell slots, Pact Magic spell slots have a unique colour: 
Spell slots gained from Pact Magic are calculated differently than those gained from Spellcasting. As such, levels taken in warlock are ignored when calculating ESL.
Replenishing spell slots
Depleted spell slots are generally regained by taking a rest, though there are other means to restore them:
- Some characters, including
s and some 
subclasses, have features which let them regain a small number of spell slots in between long rests. 
s have access to the Bolstering Magic feature, allowing them or an ally to recover a few low level spell slots when they Rage.- Items such as the
Pearl of Power Amulet or 
Spellcrux Amulet allow for the recovery of spell slots once per long rest. - The Arcane Cultivation line of Elixirs grants the user a temporary additional spell slot of a specific level from 1st to 4th, depending on the elixir. While this doesn't technically replenish an existing slot, the practical effect is the same.
Ritual spells
When a 
ritual spell is cast outside of combat/turn-based mode, it does not consume spell slots and is effectively free to cast. Ritual spells consume spell slots as normal in combat/turn-based mode.
Other uses of spell slots
Some Wizard subclass features (such as Arcane Ward and Grim Harvest) and the Paladin's Divine Smite ability have varying effects depending on level of the spell or spell slot used to power them.
Spell also
External links
Spell on the Forgotten Realms Wiki
Footnotes
- ↑ The term spellcasting refers both to the act of casting spells, as well as the Spellcasting class feature. The latter is always capitalised, whereas the former is generally not.
- ↑ Some spells designate a specific spellcasting ability regardless of the class casting them. This is most commonly a result of spells obtained via racial features.
- ↑ A level 5 wizard that takes 1 level in sorcerer will use Charisma as their spellcasting ability for non-wizard spells, even if they later take more levels in wizard. However, if they take a level in cleric, they will use Wisdom as their spellcasting ability modifier instead, as this is their most recently acquired class.
- ↑ Fighters and rogues will only provide their spellcasting ability if they are level 3 and have the appropriate subclass (Eldritch Knight and Arcane Trickster respectively).
- ↑ Constitution saves are sometimes erroneously referred to as a Constitution checks.
- ↑ Warlocks have the Pact Magic feature, which functions similarly to Spellcasting.